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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
HISTORICAL TREATIES
AND ALLIANCES
Second Edition
Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod
Encyclopedia of Historical Treaties and Alliances, Second Edition
Copyright © 2006, 2001 by Zenda, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Phillips, Charles, 1948–
Encyclopedia of historical treaties and alliances / Charles L. Phillips and Alan Axelrod—
2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-6075-4 (hc)
I. Treaties—Sources. 2. Treaties—History—Encyclopedias. I. Axelrod, Alan, 1952– II. Title.
KZ1160.P48 2005
341.3'7'09—dc22
2005040003
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for
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Text design by Erika K. Arroyo
Cover design by Cathy Rincon
Printed in the United States of America
VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
 CONTENTS
.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TREATIES
vii
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
xi
INTRODUCTION
xiii
1
THE ANCIENT WORLD
1
II. Treaties
5
2
MEDIEVAL ROOTS
11
II. Treaties
13
3
THE BIRTH OF MODERN DIPLOMACY
27
II. Treaties
33
4
THE AGE OF REASON
71
II. Treaties
77
Peace Treaties and Truces
78
Annexations and Territorial Agreements
94
5
A NEW WORLD
103
II. Treaties
113
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts
114
Peace Treaties and Truces
119
Annexations and Territorial Agreements
137
Diplomatic Treaties
144
Proclamations and Declarations
149
I. Introduction
3
I. Introduction
9
I. Introduction
29
I. Introduction
73
I. Introduction
105
 6
EPOCH OF NAPOLEON
159
I. Introduction
161
II. Treaties
169
Peace Treaties and Truces
170
Multinational Conventions and Agreements
196
7
WILDERNESS DIPLOMACY AND
CONTINENTAL EXPANSION
201
I. Introduction
203
II. Treaties
213
Peace Treaties and Truces
214
Annexations and Territorial Agreements
226
Proclamations and Declarations
245
8
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
249
I. Introduction
251
II. Treaties
261
Peace Treaties and Truces
262
Diplomatic Treaties
265
Proclamations and Declarations
270
9
THE NEW IMPERIALISM
283
I. Introduction
285
II. Treaties
293
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts
294
Peace Treaties and Truces
297
Trade Agreements and Commercial Treaties
324
Multinational Conventions and Agreements
340
Annexations and Territorial Agreements
359
Diplomatic Treaties
377
10
EPOCH OF THE GREAT WAR
383
I. Introduction
385
II. Treaties
397
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts
398
Peace Treaties and Truces
405
Multinational Conventions and Agreements
473
Annexations and Territorial Agreements
492
Declarations
495
11
PEACE IN OUR TIME, PRELUDE TO WAR
497
I. Introduction
499
II. Treaties
507
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts
508
Peace Treaties and Truces
539
Trade Agreements and Commercial Treaties
543
Multinational Conventions and Agreements
548
Weapons Treaties
558
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